A document which assesses the archaeological potential and cultural heritage significance of a site.  Such a study utilises archival (primary sources held in State or National archives) and historical research (e.g. published books), previous relevant studies, as well as online databases maintained by either private or government bodies.  Where feasible, a site inspection (diving or pedestrian) is undertaken and available remote sensing and geotechnical data is reviewed. 

In certain circumstances, a test excavation can be carried out for a more informed assessment. Archaeological assessments are usually done as part of a Statement of Heritage Impact but occasionally these assessments are carried out to provide an understanding of where archaeologically sensitive areas are located so that development proposals can avoid them. 

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